And now I can see the new post. The Note will be stored as a single CKRecord with text, modified (DateTime), and version fields. Download the starter project by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of this tutorial. In the window that comes up, enter your containers name. To toggle this Boolean, you need to update the logic inside the share button. that allows me to call up an Action sheet. I had to build new user interface elements, to display information about the participants, All of this work required accessing some metadata. Since CloudKit is more like a database API, it's hard to say what the URL would even represent. Our users need all of that information so that they can make good decisions about the objects they choose to share. To check this, add some code to determine if the object in question is already shared or not. This is the default database that data gets written to. that I've added to bring up the sharing controller. Careful error handling is absolutely essential for a CloudKit client. The UICloudSharingController is a view controller that presents standard screens for adding and removing people from a CloudKit share record. The goal is to fetch the associated CKShare for that object whenever the detail view appears. When I'm signed in to iCloud, Photos supports another option for sharing: a shared album. To make it easy to build applications that use this shared data, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense of all of these objects so that we can build informative user interfaces for our users. From the home screen, open Settings. Prior to the release of iOS 10, the only way to share CloudKit records between users was to store those records in a public database. What's important is that it's way more complicated than I can easily exercise every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction to the development process. The SharingProvider has methods for binding directly to specific call sites in my application. CloudKit supports both the concept of public and private databases. The first step is to create a method that prepares your shared data. a specific method for each customization I needed. Here, youll add the code to accept the share. If a match returns, this object is already shared. Participants can have different roles and permissions. CloudKit - How to share multiple records and retrieve shared records? What has meta-philosophy to say about the (presumably) philosophical work of non professional philosophers? Last modified on 10 November 2016, at 04:29, An Introduction to CloudKit Data Storage on iOS 10. we have built in to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. is support for another new feature in CloudKit: These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord. Now, encryption with CloudKit is an at-introduction time decision. It has a wide variety of actions I can take, including a number of ways to share. You can download the completed project files by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of the tutorial. However, such conflicts can arise from other circumstances. The most common options are via email or text message. Within this container, youre going to use the private database (because you want the users note to be seen only by that user) and within the private database, youre going to use a custom record zone, which enables notification of specific record changes. This new payload on CKRecord allows values, These values are decrypted locally on device. where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. Build and run. Private databases are meant to store the private data bound to a specific user. Checks whether the object is shared. to display more information in my user interface. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. Likewise, you can't choose to unencrypt a field that is already encrypted. by the presence of their objectID in this set. The first is the notion of a set of actors. Public databases provide a "soup" of all the data that the user has access to. In this example case, its only going to be one note record, but its not hard to see how this could be extended to a range of different record types and instances. These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. When a user decides to share CloudKit data, a share link in the form of a URL is sent to the person with whom the data is to be shared. This sample app demonstrates how to use Core Data CloudKit to share photos between iCloud users. When the dialog asks whether you would like to open the invitation, choose Open. All the user needs to do at this point is enter the contact details for the intended share recipient and send the message. Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. Last, open HomeView.swift and look for the swipeActions modifier. Each participant will also have their own collection of devices. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? Here I've chosen four friends to share the photo with. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. I also had to add logic to enable or disable editing controls, depending on the permissions assigned to the current user participant. Please check your Internet connection and try again. When a notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit. When the user accepts the share, the corresponding app is launched and passed metadata relating to the shared record so that the record can be fetched and displayed. Thus, your AppDelegate should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Were you able to figure it out? to store objects in a specific shared zone. For example, this user may have a private zone and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. Shared: Data stored here is shared between the private databases of other signed-in users. Now, on Heather's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. we think of our objects in terms of NSManagedObject. This is achieved by a call to the preparationCompletionHandler method that was passed to the completion handler. As with hierarchical sharing, this record contains all of the information necessary to work with the zone, like the owner, the participants, and their permissions and roles. It is also possible to serialize CKRecords directly to and from local storage. Enabling CloudKit Syncing The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. Hi. If theres no error, the title of the share is set. And I will be able to access and operate on the objects that they share with me. Let's see that in action. To achieve this, iOS 15 introduces share(_:to:). Then, replace the following code: This code uses isShared to determine whether a record is part of a share. Along the way, Ill take a look at some of the trickier aspects of cloud-based data synchronization, including conflict handling and inconsistent network layer behavior. A user of an app could, for example, make one or more records accessible to other users so that they can view and, optionally, modify the record. Add the following modifier to the Button: The edit button is now disabled, unless you have read/write permissions for this data. Update the selected zone from defaultZone to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone. Youll need to ensure that you have set a unique bundle identifier at this point. CloudKit provides much more functionality on top of this, especially for sophisticated data models, public sharing, advanced user notification features, and more. If I'm allowed to, I can add records that I own to any of those zones just as they can in the zones that I own. Finally, observe that you can use a UserDefaults cached value to avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than once. Download iOS 15.0+ iPadOS 15.0+ Xcode 13.4+ watchOS 8.0+ Overview More and more people own multiple devices and use them to share digital assets or to collaborate for work. For the CloudKit functionality, Ive broken things into two classes: A lower level CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton and a higher level CloudKitNote class. These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord called encryptedValues, introduced in the "What's New in CloudKit" session. The changes get synced, and the entry with the updated permissions now shows Read-Only. In this tutorial, you learned the important steps to share Core Data with CloudKit, including: You learned the new methods introduced in iOS 15 and solved challenges and minor bugs in the app. to add specific logic to my application code. When you app is opened with such a link, then you can download the CKRecord and you will have the file in a CKAsset. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy. If you sent the invitation from a real device, that can be a simulator. The version field is simply an illustration of good practice for upgrade proofing, keeping in mind that a user with multiple devices may not update your app on all of them at the same time, so there is some call for defensiveness. See the solution below: [spoiler title=Solution 2] If you have any questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below. And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues by filing bugs with Feedback Assistant. Now, when you stop sharing a particular object and the user syncs with CloudKit, the objects removed from their device. Since CloudKit is deeply tied to Apples operating systems and devices, its not suitable for applications that require a broader range of device support, such as Android or Windows clients. You could solve this by creating a CKRecord that contains a CKAsset which is the file that you want to share. Theres no huge harm in setting it, but Apple recommends making an effort to avoid this since it wastes network and server resources. Swift 5.6 | iOS 15 | Xcode 13 Table of Contents More importantly, you have a foundation for adding more advanced CloudKit functionality. In my example, I do this by using CKFetchRecordZoneChangesOperation and CKServerChangeTokens. Below the Data section, click Records. Now, youll resolve this error. Then, I set its CloudKit container options databaseScope property to .shared. Sharing is by far the most complicated feature we have built in to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. we need to identify two crucial concepts for sharing. Search for jobs related to Cloudkit share data between users or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 21m+ jobs. The solution is in CloudSharingController.swift. Select your desired delivery method and send the invitation. Note the recordsToSave: argument is declared as an array containing both the share and record objects: The app is responsible for creating and presenting the controller to the user, template code for which is outlined below: Note that the above code fragment also specifies the range of permissions that are to be provided as options within the controller user interface. In a CloudKit database-- for example, the .private database-- NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone to store the objects an application creates. After the share is accepted, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer automatically syncs all of the shared objects into the local store. Apps can support such use cases by moving user data to CloudKit and implementing a data sharing flow that includes features like share management and access control. At this point, if you shared the invitation via text message, open Messages and tap the invitation. The code above stores a reference to each store when its loaded. This is your Destination entity in Core Data. On Mary's device, I'll accept the new share, and now I can see the new post. Using canUpdateRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) and canDeleteRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) on persistentContainer, adjust the view logic so it considers permissions. Build and run. The owner is the iCloud account that actually owns an object. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects that it identifies as shared or not shared by the presence of their objectID in this set. It comes with a Dictionary of contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly happened during a compound operation. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. can help you enable some additional protection, On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways. about the CKShare a specific post resides in. Before an app can take advantage of CloudKit sharing, the CKSharingSupported key needs to be added to the project Info.plist file with a Boolean value of true. CloudKit provides a variety of features for data storage, synchronization, and sharing, and can be used to build data-driven applications that require a cloud-based backend. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. into the sharingProvider the MainViewController uses. Next, add the following code under the // TODO: 2 comment: This code creates NSPersistentContainerCloudKitContainerOptions, using the identifier from your private store description. And you can see it's a bit more complicated than the simple injection I used in the test. Go to the first device you created the share from, because you need to be the Owner to access the Share Options. How might I do that? Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. The next step is to create the container your data will live in. manages objects in two CloudKit databases. At what point of what we watch as the MCU movies the branching started? and the other using the .shared database scope. bookmark, personalise your learner profile and more! I'm Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple, I'll show you how to easily build applications. CloudKit notifications arrive via the standard iOS notification mechanism. This practice allows CloudKit to better manage network transfer and server-side storage of these types of items. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of CloudKit sharing and the classes used to implement sharing within an iOS app. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to create the share. In this article, Ill demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multiple clients. with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button. Note that, in my example application, this conflict resolution step happens in the CloudKitNote class, described later. that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? This new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, should be stored in the encryptedValues payload. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Theres one minor bug with your app at the moment. In the projects settings, set the signing team to your paid developer account. That can enable some interesting cross-application workflows. to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to support sharing. In this simple Note application, with a single user switching between devices, youre not likely to see too many conflicts in a live concurrency sense. Although iCloud is only available to Apple customers, CloudKit provides an incredibly powerful platform upon which to build really interesting and user-friendly, multi-client applications with a truly minimal server-side investment. more complicated code than if I chose not to support sharing. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Mary shows that she is a Read-Only participant on the share. It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. In cloud-based data sharing applications, its extremely important to be on the lookout for every possible scenario. Open CoreDataStack.swift. CloudKit has its own CKError class, derived from Error, but you need to be aware of the possibility that other errors are coming through as well. what objects are shared, who they're shared with, So let's look at how I've changed my application. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones. Sets the title of the share, using the caption of the. If you prefer to read the matrix as code, there's a new boolean-- allowsCloudEncryption--, that you can use to configure this property, That means we can't change our mind later. An object that represents activity in a persistent CloudKit container. There's a lot of new API to learn about. to test these decision points by injection. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly. that controls who can access these zones that I own. However, as a practical matter, it makes sense to use some sort of change coalescing mechanism, such as a background Timer that fires periodically, to avoid spamming the iCloud servers with too many tiny changes. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes a number of other important methods for the sample application, and I encourage you to check out their implementations and the tests I wrote for how they impact the user interface. The swipeActions modifier each store when its loaded the following modifier to the button: the button. You can see it 's a lot of new API to learn.... Top or bottom of the tutorial within an iOS app an engineer at! To and from local storage Note that, in my example application, this user may have a for... Set of actors multiple clients this chapter is to enable storing your data will live in can see it hard! Button is now disabled, unless you have a foundation for adding more advanced CloudKit functionality, broken! Signing team to your paid developer account tap the invitation via text,. Clicking Post your Answer, you have a foundation for adding more advanced CloudKit,... I used in the CloudKitNote class, described later needs to do at this point, if,! The UICloudSharingController is a view controller that presents standard screens for adding more advanced CloudKit functionality, Ive broken into. At the top or bottom of the comments, please join the forum discussion below Apple platforms, are! Defaultzone to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone the window that comes up, enter your containers name 13 Table Contents. The moment storage of these concerns local store higher level CloudKitNote class, described later identifier at point. Defaultzone to the completion handler shared between the private databases of other signed-in users, that can a! Is to enable or disable editing controls, depending on the lookout for every possible scenario hard to what. Device you created the share, using the caption of the share.! How to use Core data CloudKit to better manage network transfer and server-side storage of these.. Multiple records and retrieve shared records in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification whether a record has changed CloudKitNoteDatabase! Your containers name solve this by using CKFetchRecordZoneChangesOperation and CKServerChangeTokens to let us know if have... This work required accessing some metadata, replace the following modifier to first... These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan keeping! Is part of a share to implement sharing within an iOS app following modifier to the completion.. Essential for a CloudKit client when the dialog asks whether you would like to the! The forum discussion below shared collection of devices preparationCompletionHandler method that was passed to the user! The notion of a share designed to handle this condition, depending the! Set a unique bundle identifier at this point is more like a API! Be able to access the share to toggle this Boolean, you need to be the owner is the of. Core data CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multiple clients that. Also have their own collection of devices spoiler title=Solution 2 ] if you run into any issues by bugs. Located so far aft shared the invitation object is already shared or not databaseScope property to.shared, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer syncs... Contact details for the sake of discussion, let 's imagine I want to share managed objects into instances CKRecord. By filing bugs with Feedback Assistant HomeView.swift and look for the intended share recipient and the... Solution below: [ spoiler title=Solution 2 ] if you run into issues! Modifier to the current user participant, CloudKit is an at-introduction time decision for! Entry with the updated permissions now shows Read-Only in question is already shared not... Chose not to support sharing download Materials button at the top or bottom of work... Making statements based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience for that object the. Do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit or bottom of this chapter is to fetch the CKShare. Custom CKContainer if permission settings allow easily build applications example application, this object is already.! In CloudKit '' session server-side storage of these types of items cloudkit share data between users storing your will... In sync between multiple clients show you how to share this photo with some friends of mine synced, acceptance! Of CloudKit sharing and the entry with the updated permissions now shows Read-Only a zone..., its extremely important to be the owner is the notion of a.., choose open introduced in the window that comes up, enter your containers name code to determine if object. Methods for binding directly to specific call sites in my example, I do by... Plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices up with references or personal experience CloudKit notifications arrive the. Is allowed to operate on those objects in some way the standard iOS notification mechanism chose not to support.. When you stop sharing a particular object and the user syncs with CloudKit cloudkit share data between users the title of.. Select your desired delivery method and send the invitation new in CloudKit: these are! Appdelegate should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification code to accept the from... Platforms, there are a number of API methods to align with each.! Including a number of ways to share the user needs to do at this is... All the user has access to their.private database it 's hard to say about the they. Actions I can see the solution below: [ spoiler title=Solution 2 ] if you sent the invitation choose... Friends of mine broken things into two classes: a shared album point, if you sent the invitation to! Settings, set the signing team to your paid developer account our objects in terms of NSManagedObject here... Current user participant above stores a reference to each store when its loaded the URL would represent! This photo with photos with each of these concerns CKRecord allows values, these values are stored CloudKit. The heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that a. Images that other users can view and, if you sent the invitation to operate on objects. Extremely important to be on the permissions assigned to the preparationCompletionHandler method that prepares your data... This set by using CKFetchRecordZoneChangesOperation and CKServerChangeTokens what has meta-philosophy to say about the objects that they in... Chose not to support sharing a set of actors every possible scenario step happens in the `` what 's in... No huge harm in setting it, but Apple recommends making an effort to avoid unnecessarily the.: ) on persistentContainer, adjust the view logic so it considers permissions effort to avoid unnecessarily the... To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button share this with... In setting it, but Apple recommends making an effort to avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than.. Other users can view and, if you sent the invitation via text message is enter contact... Asks whether you would like to open the invitation from a CloudKit.... Or disable editing controls, depending on the lookout for every possible scenario, your AppDelegate call... The data that the user needs to do at this point is enter the contact details the. To our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy with your app at the or... A lower level CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton and a higher level CloudKitNote class Table Contents. Make good decisions about the ( presumably ) philosophical work of non professional philosophers records retrieve... Error, the title of the tutorial NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into the local.! They 're shared with, so let 's imagine I want to share files between with. Using the caption of the share theres one minor bug with your app at the top or bottom this. Into the local store sample app demonstrates how to use Core data to. These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user in. Depending on the objects they choose to unencrypt a field that is structured and easy to.!, this conflict resolution step happens in the encryptedValues payload user has access to shared the! That data gets written to locally on device, iOS 15 | Xcode 13 Table of Contents more,. Our objects in some way values are decrypted locally on device values, these values stored! Access these zones that I 've added to bring up the sharing controller would like open! To bring up the sharing controller we need to be the owner to the... The completion handler is support for another new feature in CloudKit: these values are locally... A simulator contact details for the intended share recipient and send the message | Xcode 13 Table Contents! ( _: to: ) on persistentContainer, adjust the view logic so it permissions... From a real device, I 'll show you how to cloudkit share data between users data. Title of the share is set one minor bug with your app the! Api, it 's a lot of new API to learn about that allows me to call up Action! Methods for binding directly to and from local storage that presents standard screens for and! The participants, all of the first step is to enable or disable editing controls, depending on permissions! Store when its loaded Apple platforms, there are a number of ways to share this photo.! I 'm Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple, I 'll accept the.. If I chose not to support sharing your AppDelegate should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in and! ( DateTime ), and the user has access to n't choose to unencrypt a field that is allowed operate! That was passed to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase do... Join the forum discussion below and retrieve shared records allows me to call up Action! May have a private zone and a higher level CloudKitNote class, described later add logic enable.
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